Protocols


 * **Protocol** || **Description** || **OSI Model Layer(s)** || **DOD Model Layer** ||
 * FTP || File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides a generic method of transferring files. It can include file security through user names and passwords, and it allows file transfer between dissimilar computer systems. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * TFTP || Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is similar to FTP. It lets you transfer files between a host and an FTP server. However, it provides no user authentication and uses UDP instead of TCP as the transport protocol. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * HTTP || The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used by Web browsers and Web servers to exchange files (such as Web pages) through the World Wide Web and intranets. HTTP can be described as an information requesting and responding protocol. It is typically used to request and send Web documents, but is also used as the protocol for communication between agents using different TCP/IP protocols. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * SMTP || Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to route electronic mail through the internetwork. E-mail applications provide the interface to communicate with SMTP or mail servers. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * SNMP || Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol designed for managing complex networks. SNMP lets network hosts exchange configuration and status information. This information can be gathered by management software and used to monitor and manage the network. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * Telnet || Remote Terminal Emulation (Telnet) allows an attached computer to act as a dumb terminal, with data processing taking place on the TCP/IP host computer. It is still widely used to provide connectivity between dissimilar systems. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * NFS || Network File System (NFS) was initially developed by Sun Microsystems. It consists of several protocols that enable users on various platforms to seamlessly access files from remote file systems. || Application, Presentation, Session || Application/Process ||
 * TCP || Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) operates at the Transport layer. It provides connection-oriented services and performs segment sequencing and service addressing. It also performs important error-checking functions and is considered a host-to-host protocol. || Transport || Host-to-Host (Transport) ||
 * UDP || User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is considered a host-to-host protocol like TCP. It also performs functions at the Transport layer. However, it is not connection-oriented like TCP. Because of less overhead, it transfers data faster, but is not as reliable. || Transport || Host-to-Host (Transport) ||
 * DNS || Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that is distributed throughout the internetwork to provide address/name resolution. For example, the name "www.testout.com" would be identified with a specific IP address. || Transport || Host-to-Host (Transport) ||
 * IP || Internet Protocol (IP) is the main TCP/IP protocol. It is a connectionless protocol that makes routing path decisions, based on the information it receives from ARP. It also handles logical addressing issues through the use of IP addresses. || Network || Internet ||
 * ICMP || Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) works closely with IP in providing error and control information that helps move data packets through the internetwork. || Network || Internet ||
 * IGMP || IGMP (Internet Group Membership Protocol) is a protocol for defining host groups. All group members can receive broadcast messages intended for the group (called multicasts). Multicast groups can be composed of devices within the same network or across networks (connected with a router). || Network || Internet ||
 * ARP || Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) creates a complete Internet address by combining the logical network address with the physical address. It works with other protocols to provide logical name address resolution. || Network || Internet ||
 * RARP || Both BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) and RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) are used to discover the IP address of a device with a known MAC address. BOOTP is an enhancement to RARP, and is more commonly implemented than RARP. As its name implies, BOOTP is used by computers as they boot to receive an IP address from a BOOTP server. The BOOTP address request packet sent by the host is answered by the server. || Network || Internet ||
 * BOOTP || Network || Internet ||^  ||
 * DHCP || The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) simplifies address administration. DHCP servers maintain a list of available and assigned addresses, and communicate configuration information to requesting hosts. DHCP has the following two components. * A protocol for delivering IP configuration parameters from a DHCP server to a host || Network || Internet ||
 * OSPF || Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a route discovery protocol that uses the link-state method. It is more efficient than RIP in updating routing tables, especially on large networks. || Network || Internet ||
 * RIP || Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a route discovery protocol that uses the distance-vector method. If the network is large and complex, OSPF should be used instead of RIP. ||